Charles, excellent resnopse, as usual. I hope this is sent to who ever published his report.I should point out that while there is a "Texas Grid" is is one more of jurisdiction than of physical separation. There are 3 main "grids" in the US: the West, the East and Texas. They are ALL connected. The difference between "connected" and "integration" is that for it to be integrated...there would be a separate grid, just, willy nilly, connections across state lines as the grids were build, like between Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi. But in there are, according to national grid maps I've seen, inter-ties between the West and Eastern grids in 3 places. These are DC connections, and ergo they are not 'synched' to each other. power can, and does, flow in both directions, for grid stability in case of emergencies.It is true that it's not likely that merchant wind plants could wheel power to, say, Indiana this way. Texas is separate for such purposes but the state is not an island, as much as many Texas nationalists would like to think it is:)The other, bigger question, is the national plan to overlay the existing grid with advanced Extra High Voltage (756kv) DC lines, the first part of which is being build from eastern Virginia to Indiana. This is a new grid that "overlays" and cuts across existing high voltage grids (500/350kv AC lines) to wheel large amounts of power hundreds and even thousands of miles with less than 1% line loss.How Texas will fit into this the article from power magazine didn't explain.David Walters